30 травня 2019

TYPES OF WIRES


Тема: Надання першої невідкладної допомоги

FIRST AID

Тема: Техніка безпеки під час роботи

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

1. Read the text and translate it. 

Electricity Is Dangerous 

         When ever you work with power tools or on electrical circuits, there is a risk of electrical hazards, especially electrical shock. Anyone can be exposed to these hazards at home or at work. Workers are exposed to more hazards because job sites can be cluttered with tools and materials, fast – paced, and open to the weather. Risk is also higher at work because many jobs involve electric power tools. 
          Electrical trade workers must pay special attention to electrical hazards because they work on electrical circuits. Coming in contact with an electrical voltage can cause current to flow through the body, resulting in electrical shock and burns. Serious injury or even death may occur. As a source of energy, electricity is used without much thought about the hazards it can cause. Because electricity is a familiar part of our lives, it often is not treated with enough caution. As a result, an average of one worker is electrocuted on the job every day every year! 
         There are four main types of electrical injuries: electrocution (death due to electrical shock), electrical shock, burns, and falls.

MY FUTURE PROFESSION

1. Read the letter and complete the following exercises.

Hello, John
How are you getting on?  I really hope you are fine. Do you remember asking me about my future profession? Today I have some free time and will answer all your questions.
You know I am interested  in electrical experiments, don’t you? So, I am a student of Vocational School №75 and I study at the department of electrical engeneering.
Centuries ago there were only a few jobs: people were farmers, bakers, butchers or carpenters. Today there are thousands of different kinds of jobs, and new ones are constantly appearing. No wonder that it is not an easy thing to make the right choice. I also want to say that the profession should be chosen according to the character and abilities of the person.  As for me my favourite subjects are mathematics and physics. So I made my chose long ago. I want to be an electrician. To my mind it is very useful work. Electricity has become highly important in our modern world. It has made our work easier and our life comfortable. We cannot imagine modern civilization without the electric current, without electric lamps, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators washing machines and other electrically operated devices that are widely used today.
I think that the profession  of electrician can give many opportunities because everything in our life is connected with electricity. Electricians are preparing on specialty “Power engineering, electrical engineering and electromechanics”  with the qualification  “technician-electrician”. Duration of training usually is 5 years on the basic 9 grades and 2 years –  based on full secondary education.
Well, I hope I have answered all your questions. By the way, what are the peculiarities of your future profession? Write me soon.
Best wishes,  Roman

29 травня 2019

1. Read the and put “True” if the sentence is correspond to the text and “False” if the sentence is not correspond to the text.

Wiring methods 

     Materials for wiring interior electrical systems in buildings vary depending on: 
  • Intended use and amount of power demand on the circuit 
  • Type of occupancy and size of the building 
  • National and local regulations 
  • Environment in which the wiring must operate.
   Wiring system in a single family home or duplex, for example, are simple, with relatively low power requirements, infrequent changes to the building structure and layout, usually with dry, moderate temperature, and non- corrosive environment conditions.
     Wires and cables are rated by the circuit voltage, temperature rating, and environmental conditions (moisture, sunlight, oil, chemicals) in which they can be used. A wire or cable has a voltage (to neutral) rating, and a maximum conductor surface temperature rating. The amount of current that a cable or wire can safely carry depends on the installation conditions. 

type of occupancy – тип володіння 
duplex – спарений 
non- corrosive – неагресивні умови 
relatively – відносно 
power requirements - енергоспоживання 
layout – схема, план 

  1. All materials for wiring interior electrical systems don’t depend from any causes. 
  2. All materials for wiring interior electrical systems depend on power demand of the circuit. 
  3. Wiring system in a single family home is not the same that in duplex home. 
  4. Wires and cables are rated only by the environmental conditions and chemicals in which they can be used. 
2. Translate the word-combinations into Ukrainian. 

1. interior electrical systems; 2. size of the building; 3. amount of power demand on the circuit; 4. local regulations; 5. a single family home; 6. relatively low power requirements; 7. the building structure; 8. maximum conductor surface temperature rating; 9. installation conditions; 10. the amount of current.
1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

PPE – personal protective equipment

           There are many types of PPE : rubber gloves, insulating shoes and boots, face shields safety glasses, hazard hats. PPE helps to keep you safe. It is the last line of defense between you and the hazard.

  • Wear safety glasses with side shields or goggles to avoid eyes injury.
  • Wear proper clothing that is neither floppy nor too tight. Loose clothing will catch on corners and rough surfaces. Clothing that binds is uncomfortable and distracting.
  • Wear your hair in such a way that it does not interfere with your work or safety.
  • Wear proper foot protection – wear shoes or boots that have been approved for electrical work.
  • Wear a hard hat to protect your head from bumps and falling objects. Hard hats must be worn with the bill forward to protect you properly.
  • Search out and use any and all equipment that will protect you from shocks and injuries.

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