Тема: Техніка безпеки під час роботи

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

1. Read the text and translate it. 

Electricity Is Dangerous 

         When ever you work with power tools or on electrical circuits, there is a risk of electrical hazards, especially electrical shock. Anyone can be exposed to these hazards at home or at work. Workers are exposed to more hazards because job sites can be cluttered with tools and materials, fast – paced, and open to the weather. Risk is also higher at work because many jobs involve electric power tools. 

          Electrical trade workers must pay special attention to electrical hazards because they work on electrical circuits. Coming in contact with an electrical voltage can cause current to flow through the body, resulting in electrical shock and burns. Serious injury or even death may occur. As a source of energy, electricity is used without much thought about the hazards it can cause. Because electricity is a familiar part of our lives, it often is not treated with enough caution. As a result, an average of one worker is electrocuted on the job every day every year! 

         There are four main types of electrical injuries: electrocution (death due to electrical shock), electrical shock, burns, and falls.

2. Answer the questions.

1. When there is a risk of electrical hazards? 
2. Who is the most exposed to electrical hazards? 
3. What electrical trade workers must do to prevent electrical hazards? 
4. What can cause the electrical shock and burns? 
5. What the electricity is so dangerous? 
6. How many types of electrical injuries are there?

3. Match the words with their definitions.
1. Current -                                   a. the movement of electrical charge.
2. Voltage -                                   b. a measure of electrical force.
3. Circuit -                                    c. a complete path for the flow of current.
4. Ground -                                   d. a physical electrical connection to the earth.
5. Energized (live, “hot”)             e. similar terms meaning that voltage present that can cause 

                                                           a current, so there is a risk of getting shocked.
6. Conductor -                               f. material in which an electrical current moves easily.
7. Neutral -                                    g. at ground potential (0 volts) because of a connection to ground.

4. Complete the words and translate them into Ukrainian. 

Cu… rent, vol…age, ci…cuit, g…ound, en…rgi…ed, co…d…ctor, ne…tral, ha … ards, sho…k, ca…se, cau…ion, injur… , el…ctrocu…ion, bu…ns

5. Read the text and translate it.

How Is an Electrical Shock Received? 

          An electrical shock is received when electrical current passes through the body. Current will puss through the body in a variety of situations. Whenever two wires are at different voltages, current will puss between them if they are connected. Your body can connect the wires if you touch both of them at the same time. Current will puss through your body. 

          In most household wiring the black wires and the red wires are at 120 volts because they are connected to ground. The connection can also made trough 

           Wires carry current a buried metal water pipe. If you come in contact with an energized black wire – and you are also in contact with neutral white wire – current will puss through you body. You will receive an electric shock. If you are in contact with a live wire or any live component of an energized electrical device – and also in contact with any grounded object – you will receive a shock. Plumbing is often grounded. Your risk of receiving a shock is greater if you stand in a puddle of water. But you don’t even have to be standing in water to be at risk. Wet clothing, high humidity, and perspiration also increase your chances of being electrocuted. Of course, there is always a chance of electrocution, even in dry conditions.

6. Find from the text the English equivalents of word-combinations to the given Ukrainian ones.

1. Електричний струм проходить через тіло; 2. проводи під різною напругою; 3. приватна електропроводка; 4. вони під’єднуються до землі; 5. закопана металева водяна труба; 6. чорний провід під напругою;7. нейтральний білий провід; 8. отримаєте електричний шок; 9. провід під напругою; 10. заземлений об’єкт; 11. калюжа води; 12. висока вологість. 

• You will receive a shock if you touch two wires at different voltages at the same time.
• You will receive a shock if you touch a live wire and are grounded at the same time.
• When a circuit, electrical component, or equipment is energized, a potential shock hazard is present.

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