1. Read the SAFETY TIPS WHEN WORKING WITH POWER TOOLS than refer them to the proper situation.

SAFETY TIPS WHEN WORKING WITH POWER TOOLS 

A. Power tools are essential for people in the trade who want to accomplish their job in a competent manner as well as for those who won’t to do it yourself’. Using the right tools can prove to be huge benefit in many ways like for example the right tools can save you time and money plus it can also make your job easier to accomplish. 

B. A power tool can be very dangerous object if it used wrongly. Hence it is vital that the tool is handled in the correct way in order to avoid accidents and injuries. Some common reasons for disaster to strike are carelessness, overconfidence and not reading the instructions.

BASIC SAFETY RULES FOR HAND TOOLS

v  ALWAYS WARE EYE PROTECTION.

v  Ware the RIGHT SAFETY EQUIPMENT for the job.

v  Use tools that are the RIGHT SIZE & RIGHT TYPE for your job.

v  Follow the correct procedure for using EVERY tool.

v  Keep your cutting tools SHARP and in good condition.

v  DON’T work with OIL or GREASY hands.

v  Handle SHARP – EDGED and POINTED TOOLS with care.

v  NEVER carry your tools in your pocket

v  DON’T use tools which are LOOSE or CRACKED.

v  DON’T use screwdrivers as chisels or pry bars.

v  AFTER USING A TOOL – clean it and return it to its proper storage place.

v  If anything breaks or malfunctions – report it to your instructor AT ONCE.

v  Use the RIGHT TYPE of tool for the job

28 ТРАВНЯ  ВІДБУЛОСЯ ЗНО З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ. завдання та інші матеріали можна завантажити тут

Job duties of electricians 

1. Read the text and translate it. 

1. Install ground leads and connect power cables to equipment, such as motors. 
2. Perform business management duties such as maintaining records and files, preparing reports and ordering supplies and equipment. 
3. Repair or replace wiring, equipment, and fixtures, using hand tools and power tools. 
4. Work from ladders, scaffolds and roofs to install, maintain or repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures 
5. Place conduit (pipers or tubing) inside designated partitions /рα:ti∫n/, walls, or other concealed areas, and pull insulated wires or cables through the conduit to complete circuits between boxes. 

Special features of the electrician’s work 

        Maintenance electricians spend much of their time in preventive maintenance. They periodically inspect equipment, and locate and correct problems before breakdowns occur. Electricians may also advise management on whether continued operation of equipment could be hazardous. When needed, they install new electrical equipment. When breakdown occur, they must make the necessary repairs as quickly as possible in order to minimize inconvenience. Electricians may replace items such as circuit breakers, fuses, switches, electrical and electronic components, or wire. When working with complex electronic device, they may work with engineers, engineering technicians, or industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers. 

       Electricians use hand tools such as screwdriver, pliers, knives, and hacksaws. They also use power tools and testing equipment such as oscilloscopes, ammeter, and test lamps. 

Nature of the work of the electrician 

1. Study the vocabulary

Vocabulary 

electricity - електрика

air condition - кондиціонер
install – установлювати, монтувати 

connect – з’єднувати
test - перевіряти 

electronic control - електрична система управління
maintain - обслуговувати 

blueprint – план
circuit - ел. ланцюг, контур, схема 

outlet – розетка

Voltage

Voltage , otherwise known as electrical potential difference or electric tension (denoted ∆ V and measured in units of electric potential volts, or joules per coulomb), is the electric potential difference between two points – or the difference in electric potential energy of a unit test charge transported between two points. Voltage is equal to the work which would have to be done, per unit charge, against a static electric field to move the charge between two points. A voltage may represent either a source of energy, (electromotive force), or it may represent lost, used, or stored energy (potential drop). A voltmeter can be used to measure the voltage (or potential difference) between two points in a system, usually a common reference potential such as the ground of the system is used as one of the points. Voltage can be caused by static electric fields, by electric current through a magnetic field, or a combination of all three.

VOLTAGE AND AMPERAGE

The strength of EMF or electrical potential is measured in units called volts. The more volts that are present, the greater the electrical potential will be. The voltage level of a dry cell battery will vary depending on how many surplus electrons there are at the negative terminal. A typical small dry cell battery has an EMF of 1.5 volts.

The greater the voltage in an electrical circuit, the greater the flow of electrons will be. Direct current is maintained by a constant or uninterrupted voltage.

Voltage is usually indicated with the abbreviation V. However, you may sometimes see  voltage abbreviated with the letter E, which stands for electromotive force. The  amount of electric      current flowing through a circuit is called amperage. The amount of current is measured in units called amperes or amps. One ampere of current is equal to the charge of 6,240,000,000,000,000,000  electrons flowing past a given point  in a circuit in one second. You can see that it takes many millions of electrons flowing in a   circuit to perform useful work!

In the electrical system, resistance to the flowing electrons (the amperage) can be decreased by using thicker conducting wires. Therefore, high-current circuits will use larger (thicker) conductors, while low-current circuits will use smaller (thinner) conductors.

Amperage is generally indicated with the letter A. However, you may also see amperage abbreviated with the letter I, which stands for intensity.